Composite roofing.



W. L. BARNHART.

COMPOSITE BOOFING. APPLIOATION Hmm 001.19, 1912.

1,074,404. yPatented sept.3o,1913.

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Specicaton of Letters Patent rafenteagsepaaoneis.

nppnmmnm omni-ie, ism. -semin'anaesei T22 llfwwm 't-may concern! Be it known that I, WILLIAM L. Barm- HART, a ,citizen of the United States, residing at Atlanta', in the county 'of Fulton and 5 Statev of Georgia, 'have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Compositeo-f .which the following .is a speci- Roofing, fication.

' My'in-vention relates to composite reofing'A which is formed on the roof as distinguished' from ready-made-roon'g which is manufactured in sheets andmerely laid upon the.

roof.

. One ofthe objects of my invention is tov rovlde af roofing constructlon having means or maintaining a compact bod of' asphalt or equivalent material of consi erable depth and 1nto which a protective' surface of gravel or sand is embedded.

A further object is to provide a composite molded roofing in which metal reinforcement provides a cellula-r structure having y walls which hold the asphalt bod-y firmly in position and also serve to protect the roofing l from injury due to fallingobjects or' direct blows.

Other objects of my invention will-appear.

from the following description While its scope will be pointed out in the appended claims. v

In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a perspectiveview of a section of roofing embodying my 'invention andv showing the successive layers cut away to show the manner in which it is constructed; and Fig. 2, is a cross-section of the same.

In cnstructing a composite roofing in ac.

cordance with my invention, I first lay upon the roof boards or other support, a founda- 40* tion consistingA of an asbestos sheet 1,-and a sheet of felt. 0n buildings which have heavy splined roof boards, the initial sheet ofA asbestos may be omitted. Upon this foundatiorr'is mopped a' coating of melted g asphalt, 4. Asprevi'ously pointed' out, I desire to maintain a thick solid body of asphaltI in the composite roofing since this, is not ai'ectedby dampness, and fumes, or any weather conditions. 'Prior' to my invention 50 it. has been impossibleto lay a solid body of asphalt upon a roof and maintain it intact throughout its extent under the rigid conditions of extreme is subjected. It has been proposed to reinforce roofing compositions which are manufactured and heat `and cold to which it Acellular walls 5a -fill 'them and form shipped' from the factory in the of sheets or shingles by introducino4 wire'nettifn'g.I While this' serves i-ts intended purpose or materially increasing the tensile strength of the sheet so that ported, yet it does not provide separating walls to form deep cells such;as I have`- found' is necessary to accomplish the purpose of my present invention. I, therefore, lay Overthe coated foundationsheets prepared as above described,a cellular metal structure 5, which may in which the strips?,a are turned transverse y v of the sheet and form inclosing walls about the separate cellular s aces.-

they slant slightly upward when the roofing is placed upon a slantingv roof.

It wil-l be observed that the height of the is suiiicient to receivel and hold a considerable body of asphalt. After the metal sheet has been placed in position upon the foundation coating ofas halte, it may be secured firmly to the roof boards by means of staples or other fastening means.

it may be safely trans be of the expanded metal ty e These cellular Walls are preferably sllghtly inclined so that' Hot or cold semi-liquid asphalt 6 is then spread or Hooded over the cellular structure and is rolledinto the spaces to completely a compact solid body.

This intermediate compacted ,main body 6,

is preferably formed of an asphalt of a harder nature, such as rock asphalt com-` bined with anasphalt fiux. When this is compacted 'into the cells between the metal walls of. the/expanded metal structure during the rolling operation,`it forms a very firm hard body, which 1s breakabl'e andl of iin-entirely.

preferably phalt. united or cemented to the upper and lower layers so that the entire rooin becomes a unitary structure. It Will lbe o rvedthat composedv of Trinidad steep as the asphalt in each individual cell .is main'-` tained in position and prevented from creep- Y ing orl flowing even when it becomes very lractically un- ,'ii'erent nature from the top and bottom layers which arel eril -The hard central body,jdiowever, is

much heated duringV the hot days of summer, by the surroundin walls 5. A certain uniform depth of tie asphalt body 1s, therefore, maintained whether the roof is flat or slanting. The importance of this will be. appreciated by experts in roofing structures.

For the purpose of thoroughl the tops of the cell lar metal Wallisv and also gravel-covered roof in which reliance is to form an embedding coating for the outer finishing materiaha coating or mopping of asphalt 8, is spread over the top of the rolled asphalt body (S. To protect the roofing from abrasion and wear, it is covered with a finishing coat of small gravel or coarse sand 10, which is rolled down into the top coating as by means of a roller 12, for the purpose -of embedding and securing the particles in the asphalt and forming a smooth surface.. In thismanncr I insure the stability of the gravel coating and form a comparatively smooth unobstructed stone surface which will permit the snow and ice to slide tliei-eover easily andin which the particles will not separate and roll down into the gutters, as in the case of the ordinary placed solely upon thc contact adherence of thel particles lyingr upon the surface of the tar or other coating. In my composite'roof, on the contrary, the gravel particles are forced down into the top asphalt coating, so that the top layer is a true composite of stone and asphalt.

The many advantages possessed by my composito rooting will now be evident. The cellular metal structure furnishes retaining walls for the individual portions of asphalt and segregatcs it in a manner to insure a thick uniform body and at the same time thc metal walls passing transversely across the body, protect it against injury from falling'objects or pressures to which it may be subjected. The upper and lower coatings of asphalt serve to cement the several layers into a solid composite roofing, and the smooth embedded gravel coating constitutes a wear-resisting surface which thoroughly protects the weather-proof body. i Y

While I prefer to form the body or filling of asphalt, yet the advantages'of my cellular roof construction will be preserved if fillers are employed, such as asphalt and 45.

sand, coal-tar, pitch, or acombination of these with Portland cement, asbestos-fibrous cement or rubber cementl Likewise, the outer protective coating may embody asbestos or magncsia, ground slate, mica, .graphite, soap-stone or the like.

The construction of my composite roofing enables one to form a very permanent and perfect union (with the parapet walls. The foundation layers are turned up against the Walls the proper heightv and secured by lmeans of hot asphalt, while the intermediate cellulan metal structure is also anchored by sprigs or rough nails driven into the mortar joints. After the filler of asphalt has been forced into the cellular structure, the outside is moppe'd with hot asphalt and stripped with felt or cloth and .again mopped. The whole is then preferably covered with a sheet metal counter-flashing which is secured above in a mortar-joint and is .brought down to the roof. There is no danger, therefore, of-any water getting between the union of the roofing and the parapet walls.

1. A composite roofing, comprising a cellular sheet metal structure having thin intersecting strips turned transversal of the metal sheet forming retaining Walls for segregated cellular spaces, a body of amorphous bituminousmaterial compacted into a hard, stable mass within. said cellular spaces, said retaining Walls preventing any movement or shifting of the individual portions of said body material and protecting' it against transverse stresses or blows, and foundation and protective coatings united respectively to the bottom and top of the body lportion. n

2. composite roofing comprising a foundation sheet of fibrous material, a cellular metal sheet structure formed of thin intersecting 'stripshavingtheir edges extending transversely of the sheet to provide segregated closed spaces, abody of amorphous bituminous material compacted into a hard, stable mass Within the cellular spaces of said structure, a bituminous coating united to the top of said body, and a protective surface of hardv mineral particles embedded therein. l

3. A composite roofing comprising ay foundation sheet of fibrous material, a cellu: lar metal sheet structure formed "of thin intersecting strips havinottheir Vedges extending transversely of the sheet to provide segregated c-losedspaces, a body of amorphous bituminous material' compacted into a hard', 'stable' mass within the cellular spaces of said structure, ing a bond between said foundation sheet and thebottom of said body, a bituminous coating united to the top of said body, yand a protective surface of hard mineral particles embedded therein. I l

In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

WILLIAM L. BARNHART. Witnesses: y

MAGGIE CHiLDiniss,P J W. DEEBLY.

an adherent coatingferm 

